Bean Trees Essay

Most authors convey an important message or idea throughout their noevls to give a greater understanding to their readers. In Barbara Kingsolvers novel, ‘The Bean Trees’, a strong idea that was developed was the possiublity of new beginnings. ‘The Bean Trees’ is the story of the protagonist Taylor Greer, who starts off on a journey from her home town of Kentucky to Arizona. Along the way she she is given an abandoned child which is the start to her learning about motherhood, becoming a women, the power of friendships and also learns to be capable. The idea of new beginnings is the ability for characters to start over and leave their past behind them. It was mainly developed through Taylor, Turtle, and also a Guatamalan couple Estevan and Esperanza. The first person who helped develop this idea is Taylor. At the beginning of the story Taylor was called Marietta before she decided that she wanted to have a clean break because she had never been crazy about the names which she had been called previously. I didn’t have any special name in mind, but just wanted a change’ this fitted into the theme of new beginnings because she was capable of leaving behind her old life and things that surrounded her name and had the opportunity to have the chance to create a new destiny for herself. As well as giving herself another chance to start her life and live it the way that she wanted through the changing of her name she also left her home town, house, friends, and mother all in search of somewhere new to live her life. She used chance to decide where she was going to stop with the use of her car. Wherever it ran out of fuel or something happened to it, she would stop there. With the ambition of leaving her old Kentucky life behind her, she started a journey which led her to Oklahoma. this just happened to be the place where she was given an abandoned child. This was another new beginning for Taylor. ‘Can you talk?†¦ What am I supposed to do with you tonight?†¦ What do you eat?†¦ ‘ This series of questions that Taylor asked the abandoned child showed that she had absolutely no idea what she was doing and still had to learn the first steps of becoming a mother. It was a new beginning for her to take on responsibility for someone else. She had to grow, learn and understand in order to take care of the child that she had suddenly gained to take on her journey. She may not have understood what to do or how to do it, or even truly wanted this new beginning, but all in all she was given the chance. Kingsolver suggests through the use of Taylor that often life presents us with unexpected occurances, but if grasped correctly can lead to a possible great change, and therefore future. Through the use of Taylor as a character Kingsolver helps to show us that around the corner, in every situation, if something as small as a car journey, can lead to amazing opportunities to start afresh in our lives. Turtle is another character that helps develop Kingsolver’s idea of new beginnings. Turtle is an abandoned 3 year old Indian child, who was abused when she was younger. After her mother died she was left to an unexpected Taylor who was just someone passing through the town, but turned into the receiver of a child who she had no clue what to do with. On later inspection of the child which she named Turtle she noticed that her body was covered in ‘bruises and worse’ as Taylor said. When Taylor realised that turtle was a girl she said ‘that fact already burdened her short life with a kind of misery that she could not imagine’. Through this you can picture just how horrible the life this young child must have had. However this was the end of her bad story and the beginning to a new one. Just like Taylor she is given a new name, but also a new mother, new friends, and a new chance. With the opportunity Turtle is now able to grow. ‘Turtle had managed to get through her whole life without a book, I suppose, and then she had two of them bought for her in one day. ‘ This quote shows the beginning if Turtles chance of recovery. She was a 3 year old stuck in an 18 month old body. She was a child with a horrible past, but a chance to start over. The development of Turtle made you understand that the majority of people are at some point given the ability to have a new beginning, no matter how terrible their life was before hand. Estevan and Esperanza are a Guatamalan couple who are also given the opportunity to have a new beginning and therefore helped develop the idea of new beginnings. Estevan and Esperanza are people who are illegally living in Tucson. Esperanza and Estevan live in Mattie’s sanctuary that she has set up for people like them. After becoming good friends with Taylor they decide that they need to move on from Tucson and constantly running from the law. With Taylor and Turtle they set off to go to a safe house in Oklahoma. They were considered ‘illegals’ and needed to be taken out of the country. however there should not be people judged as legal or illegal. There is only a difference between people who are good or bad. Because of this they are taken to a safe house where they are unlikely to be taken away. Instead of focusing on the negative once at the church Estevan says ‘don’t think of us stuck here forever. Think of us back in Guatemala with our families’. His optimism in their new ability to have a clean break and go back to their home country showed the idea of new beginnings in a different light. It'[s not always physically being somewhere that gives people their new beginnings. Sometimes it is just a chance that makes believing in what was, or what could be, possible again. This is how Estevan and Esperanza helped deleop new beginnings as an idea in the novel. In conclusion, everyone has a chance at a new beginning, whther big or small. Three different sets of characters showed this throughout the novel ‘The Bean Trees’. Taylor helped the idea become present in the story as well as develop in as not only the physical actions that allow the new beginning to happen, but also a state of mind. Turtle developed the idea so that it showed the readers that just because someone’s life starts out badly, it doesn’t mean their opportunity to have a new beginning wont come along. Estevan and Esperanza developed the idea so that you realised sometimes all that you need is faith to have the chance at a new beginning. In the end new beginnings was an idea that many characters showed their their own stories and therefore developed into their own way of showing the idea and allowing readers to understand it.

Commentary on Transcendentalism Throughout Moby Dick Essay

It is quite possible that nothing runs deeper through the veins of Herman Melville than his disdain for anything transcendental. Melville’s belittling of the entire transcendentalist movement is far from sparsely demonstrated throughout the pages of Moby-Dick, in which he strategically points out the intrinsic existence of evil, the asperity of nature and the wrath of the almighty God. To Melville, transcendentalists became a â€Å"guild of self-impostors, with a preposterous rabble of Muggletonian Scots and Yankees, whose vile brogue still the more bestreaks the stripedness of their Greek or German Neoplatonic originals† (â€Å"Herman Melville† 2350). Transcendentalists went beyond denying the doleful possibilities of human error and suffering, and it is this ignorant altruism of transcendentalism in its looser grasps which prompted Melville’s scorn. Within the Emersonian school of thought lies the belief that â€Å"[the] ruin or the blank that we see when we look at nature, is in our own eye† (Emerson et al. 81) and that â€Å"the evils of the world are such only to the evil eye† (Emerson et al. 174). Melville, however, believes that on our planet lies an inherent evil, going as far as to say, â€Å"A perfectly good being†¦would see no evil. –But what did Christ see? — He saw what made him weep† (Thompson 2350), pointing out that not only does evil exist, but it exists within Christ, the ultimate symbol of good. Moby Dick, the white whale itself, is the prosopopeia of evil and malevolence in the universe. All that most maddens and torments; all that stirs up the lees of things; all truth with malice in it; all that cracks the sinews and cakes the brain; all the subtle demonisms of life and thought; all evil, to crazy Ahab, were visibly personified, and made practically assailable in Moby Dick. (Melville 154) Moby Dick is also a depiction of Leviathan, Job’s whale created by God as a malicious symbol of God; Ahab â€Å"†¦ sees in Him outrageous strength, with an inscrutable malice sinewing it† (Melville 138), and if God is a representation of the spirit of the world, then within the world must exist â€Å"an inscrutable malice. † Transcendentalists made nature out to be this wondrous, awe-inspiring creation of God which–seeing as he believed God to be more evil than good–is an idea Melville blatantly rejects as a fallacy. Where Emerson says, â€Å"†¦ Nature satisfies by its loveliness, and without any mixture of corporeal benefit† (Emerson et al. 107), Melville says, †¦ all other earthly hues–every stately or lovely emblazoning–the sweet tinges of sunset skies and woods; yea, and the gilded velvets of butterflies, and the butterfly cheeks of young girls; all these are but the subtle deceits, not actually inherent in substances, but laid on from without; so that all deified Nature absolutely paints like the harlot, whose allurements cover nothing but the charnel-house within. (Melville 164) When sent out to sea, the Pequod and its crew were faced by the nature of which Melville speaks–a nature that, at times, seems to â€Å"gild the surface of the water with enchantment, and causes even the wary hunter to have a land-like feeling toward the sea† (â€Å"Herman Melville† 2351), but is actually veils behind which God hides and constantly threatens to unleash his ambiguous animosity. It is the whale, a product of God and nature, that has reaped the leg of Ahab, that lashes out with the force of a thousand men. It is the beguiling call of nature that lulls the absent minded youth into an opium-like reverie by the blending cadence of waves with thoughts until he loses his identity and takes it upon himself to take the ocean at his feet for the deep, blue bottom that pervades mankind (Melville 134-135); calms are crossed by storms, a storm for every calm. Furthermore, Melville ridicules the transcendentalists for their blindness to the rest of the world. The transcendentalists saw only the world through the â€Å"dimensions of a sturdy window in Concord† (â€Å"Herman Melville† 2394). Melville could depict the true attributes of nature in a more scrupulous manner, for he had left his home in New England and sailed around the world. When Emerson claimed that the poet â€Å"disposes very easily of the most disagreeable facts,† it prompted Melville to respond, â€Å"So it would seem. In this sense, Mr. E is a great poet† (Thompson 443). Though a seemingly of a seemingly different nature, passions, desires, appetites, and senses of the flesh are a part of nature nonetheless: they are instincts, a natural part behind the drive of man. â€Å"†¦ [All] deep, earnest thinking [that] is but the intrepid effort of the soul to keep the open independence of her sea; while the wildest winds of heaven and earth conspire to cast her upon the slavish shore† (Melville 95). It is this natural drive that keeps man from falling under the spiritual drive, this tyrannous and brutal enslavement of this wrathful God, for â€Å"natural or carnal men are without God in the world† (Alma 41:11). It seems as though Melville has an everlasting quarrel with God. Throughout Ahab’s quest for the white whale, Melville has shown his own personal independence from the authoritarianism of Christian dogma. It is apparent that religious conventionalism was Melville’s favourite target for satire, but largely because he saw himself in competition with it. His own genius was deeply religious and the Bible seemed to serve the deepest purpose in Moby-Dick. Melville was caught in a vicious battle that he created and could not win. He started by loving God, then moved to hating God, progressed into a complete detachment from God–feeling neither love nor hate. He grew to hate his detachment and decided that God might indeed be lovable, and so the vicious cycle repeats (Thompson 148-149). Thompson concludes, â€Å"The underlying theme in Moby-Dick correlates the notions that–God in his infinite malice asserts a sovereign tyranny over man and that most men are seduced into the mistaken view that this divine tyranny is benevolent and therefore acceptable† (242). Melville agreed with the transcendentalists that the spirit is substance, but he began to diverge from the transcendental conclusion that its effect on man was benevolent. Moby-Dick tells not only the story of the ventures of the Pequod and its crew, but also of Melville himself. It captures all of Melville’s personal contempt toward the entire transcendentalist movement, and demonstrates his realistic recognition of evil through the symbolism of the whale, his struggle with religion through the use of ontological heroics, and his less-than-altruistic ideas of nature through the use of sheer logic. It is the perfect emblem for his gratitude for rationalism and respect for realism. â€Å"Oh, the rare old Whale, mid storm and gale In his ocean home will be A giant in might, where might is right, And King of the Boundless sea. † WHALE SONG Works Cited. Emerson, Ralph Waldo, Atkinson Brojoks, Edward Waldo Emerson. The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Random House Digital, Inc. , 2000. Print. â€Å"Herman Melville. † World Literature Criticism. 1st ed. 1992. Print. Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick. Mineola: Dover Publications, Inc. , 2003. Print. Myerson, Joel, Sandra Harbert Petrulionis, and Laura Dassow Walls. The Oxford Handbook of Transcendentalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print. The King James Bible. Susan Jones. New York: Doubleday, 1985. Print. Thompson, Lawrence. Melville’s Quarrel With God. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952. Print.

Analysis of Anselms Ontological Argument

This premise does not state that God’s strengths as this argument is to prove his existence, not whether or not God is all-powerful, all-knowing and all-good. The second premise means this greatest possible being is either an imaginary being that one has thought of or, a being that we not only is not only thought of but also exists. The third premise and its sub premises states because existing in reality is greater than existing in thought, then the God we have thought of exists in reality or there must be a greater, or more perfect, being that does exist and that being is God. This leads to the conclusion, if you accept the premises then you accept the existence of the greatest being possible, God. This concept of God’s existence is also led with the idea that God is a necessary being, a being that is not dependent of something greater in order to exist. If God relied on another being, like how a children rely on parents to conceive them, then this being called God is not God because it would be imperfect. Therefore, there must be another to call God that meets all the requirements for perfection. One of the first popular objections was created by Gaunilo of Marmoutiers. The premise and conclusion to Gaunilo’s argument is identical to Anselm’s argument except with the replacement of the word â€Å"God† with â€Å"the Lost island† and the word â€Å"being† with â€Å"island†. As simple as that, though Gaunilo’s argument is completely absurd, Gaunilo’s reductio ad absurdum also proves to be as deductively valid as Anselm’s argument. However, this â€Å"Lost Island† could in no way exist. The absurdity and validity of â€Å"the lost island† quickly brought up questions as to how Anselm’s Argument cannot be absurd. Anselm’s argument was not proven invalid until Immanuel Kant, a german philosopher during the 18th century, proposed an objection that would be the decisive blow to the Ontological argument (Immanuel Kant. Wiki). Kant’s objection is how existence is not a predicate (Mike, screen 25). A predicate is used to describe something the subject (this being God in Anselm’s Argument) is doing. In Aselm’s Argument, Anselm premise rely on that being conceived and existing in reality is something that describes God. This rationality does not follow because to exist or conceive does not describe the subject, it only tells us whether it exist or not. Much like how fictional characters do not exist, describing cartoon for example would tell us details of what this cartoon looks like, what its habits are and common antics it goes through, but not whether it exists or not. The question of existence must fall in a separate argument that does not define the character. As there are Arguments to prove God, there are debatable arguments to disprove the God. The First version of â€Å"The Argument from Evil† goes as follow: 1. If God were to exist, then that being would be all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good. 2. If an all-PKG existed, then there would be no evil. . There is evil. [Conclusion] Hence, there is no God (Sober, 109) The first premise is the definition of what God would be if he were to exist. That is a being that has the power to do anything, had knowledge of everything throughout the span of time and is in all ways good. The second premise is created with the first premise in mind. To expand on the second premise i t states, if God were all-powerful he could stop any form of evil from happening, if he is all knowing then he has knowledge of when evil will occur and if he is all-good then God would stop all evil from happening. If god cannot stop all evil from happening then the definition of God must be incorrect. He then must not be powerful enough to stop all evil, and/or he doesn’t know when evil until it has already occurred and/or good is not all good in that God does not wish to stop all evils. The third premise is stating the fact that there is evil in the world. The conclusion derived since that there is evil, then is what may be defined as God must be lacking in one or two of his qualities and therefore God, by definition, does not exist at all. In order for God to be compatible with evil, God must only allow the evils that would, in turn, lead to a greater amount of good and must take the route that leads to the least amount of evil to gain the greatest amount of good. The soul building defense was created in mind that evil and God co-exist in our world. The defense is that without any evil in the world, our souls would not nurture, or, understand the concept of evil. This defense does not hold true because there has been many evils in the world that seem unacceptable, even though it may have been for the purpose of soul building. God, and all-good being, would then only allow the evils that are essential in soul-building. This would only mean that evil that man commits against man. The reason for this is because anything that happens in nature exceeds soul-building essentials. Another defense is God having given us free will, humans ultimately are the causes of this evil. That is true but the common objection to this is that human do more than enough evil to ourselves, it is going too far to have God throw tornados, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes at us too. At what point do human have such control over nature. The last defense is that God simply works in mysterious ways. Who can explain why natural events take so many lives and injure many others or why some children have to go through great deals of suffering and live through it? It is God’s way and ultimately, no matter how incomprehensible the evil is, it is for the greater good. Certainly the question to God’s existence has been pondered upon by philosophers for over a very long period of time with no progress as whether God exists or not. The ontological argument created by Anselm withstood a great deal of criticism until it was disproved by Kant over 600 years after the fact.

System safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

System safety - Research Paper Example Today, people, organizations, and companies are all technologically advancing, and information technology is a backbone of these advancements. All these technological changes are controlled potentially by a computer, making a computer system the most delicate device in the world, and, therefore, a lot has been done to make computers more reliable and safe by implementing security measures that protect their environs (Leveson 38). These computers are all controlled by systems incorporated in them. These systems have general security measures. Software safety is provided by a complex of security measures against programs that affect a system. It involves recognizing and neutralizing security threats and prevention measures against substances affecting normal operation of computer software. These threats include: It is when software disguised as something else is installed in a system with the awareness of a system manager. The Trojan horses contain either a trigger that sets itself when a specific event reaches or occurs in a system or a back door which allows entry of different users into a system when Trojan-infected software is in use. Viruses constitute the most common threat for a system. They work by replicating themselves and then spreading into a system’s sub-system. Through this entry, they attack and destroy the host system. They attack and consume available resources quietly, overloading a system and finally making it dysfunctional. They work by reproducing and spreading as wide as possible in a system so as to achieve their goal, and they are always developed for only a certain type of system. Worms are primarily aimed at high or large systems to collect data and feed it to unauthorised users. (Storey 27) This happens when malicious websites that support security holes and use them in certain technologies in a network trigger an organizations web browser to do and perform unauthorised

UK parliamentary system or USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UK parliamentary system or USA - Essay Example The fact that he is not subjected to the legislature in the selection means that he can choose wise men and women with extensive experience (Pushparaj web). In Parliamentary systems, leaders lack the ability to provide effective leadership. Parliamentary leaders often depend on others to perform their duties because they lack the knowledge of the changing world. Presidential systems of government have experienced leaders who perform their duties properly. In addition, parliamentary systems conflict with presidential systems in that secession is common in parliamentary systems. Defection results in nepotism, corruption, and political instability because of the short-lived coalitions. A minister has the discretion and mandates to do that which he deems fit and nobody can exert pressure on him. Presidential system is more democratic than Parliamentary systems. In addition, it is easier to get laws in the USA than in the UK because in USA ministers have a higher level of discretion and mandate to operate than ministers in the UK. However, the British system of government benefits include equal representation of all constituencies both urban and rural, decisions on issues has the say of the majority, and the selection of the prime minister is on the will of majority of members of parliament. Additionally, criticism by the opposition is welcome to the leading government. Pushparaj A. â€Å"What is the difference between Presidential and parliamentary form of Government?† Publish your articles. 2011. Web, 31 May 2012.

Corporate Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Finance - Research Paper Example Total numbers of shares are taken as follows: = Year end $ value / $10 of face value Working: = Total Earnings/ No. of shares = 441,000 / 31,800 = 13.86 approximately $14 Earnings per share = $ 14 Considering a 50% payout ratio, the dividend would be $7 The reasonable estimate of the 50% of the shares therefore would be: = 31800 x 50% = 15900 Estimate = 15900 x 86.95 Total Best Estimate = $ 1,382,505 Q#2 Market Structure and trading conditions The total market of the Polishing and other allied products are over $4.5Billion. The market is largely fragmented with many small to medium players serving different niches of their target market. Essentially, the market is distributed into three distinct categories based on product classification. Carlton falls under the category of Chemical suppliers supplying chemicals to independent distributors who then sell to the end users. The fragmentation of the market is also due to low barriers to entry due to low cost of production involved. Since, the market is typically divided into two broader classes of chemical supplies and cleaning machinery therefore the overall cost of producing is low. This is also reflected from the fact that the gross margin of Carlton is 44% suggesting that the cost of producing the finished goods is relatively low. However, net margin within this industry is relatively low mainly due to high marketing costs involved. It has been the industry practice that distributors once acquired are hard to replaced therefore it require higher resources and persuasion to list a distributor serving the competitors. Most of the costs, therefore, are incurred in marketing overheads therefore the overall net margins are low in industry as most... The fragmentation of the market is also due to low barriers to entry due to low cost of production involved. Since, the market is typically divided into two broader classes of chemical supplies and cleaning machinery therefore the overall cost of producing is low. This is also reflected from the fact that the gross margin of Carlton is 44% suggesting that the cost of producing the finished goods is relatively low. However, net margin within this industry is relatively low mainly due to high marketing costs involved. It has been the industry practice that distributors once acquired are hard to replaced therefore it require higher resources and persuasion to list a distributor serving the competitors. Most of the costs, therefore, are incurred in marketing overheads therefore the overall net margins are low in industry as most of the key players have negative growth rates in terms of their net income. Overall the market is competitive with no clear market leadership however; different players serve their target markets with moderate success due to long established business and consumer relationships strengthened due to delivering high end services. Historically, Co has profitable with consistent growth rates achieved in both revenue as well as profitability.

Media appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media appraisal - Essay Example By combing these methods the author has an original approach to her research and this makes it very interesting to criticise. The paper shows how the role of popular music in society has been studied traditionally and challenges some classical methodologies while also proposing new ones. It is the combination of these points which makes this article good to study in terms of research methodology analysis. The study is of popular music in the lives of young people. It positions itself with cultural and social studies. Its aim is to approach the study of the role of popular music in a slightly different way from other researchers on this subject. Initially the author states that few studies work directly with the people who use and consumer music. The study therefore aims to change this by asking people directly what their experience of music is, instead of making theories that do not in interact with reality. The author emphasises the need to concentrate on the real experiences which people have, or say they have, in relation to music. Related to this is the aim to explore what the author refers to as the ‘everydayness’ of music. Rather than focusing on the cultural significance of music through issues such as identity construction, the paper aims to explore the possibility that these issues of music consumption are in fact less important than the more mundane and routine uses of music in everyday life, as a background noise whose meanings are irrelevant. She focuses on the ‘fallacy of meaningfulness’, arguing that music doesn’t necessarily have to be significant or used to define a particular group or consumed by a particular ethnic group or social class. The methodology used by the author involves the use of unstructured informal discussions with three groups of GCSE sociology students, around fifteen years old. Three groups of four to five students were involved in one discussion, all on the same day. There were fewer boys than girls in all

Teenage Pregnancy Literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teenage Pregnancy - Literature review Example It will also cover the factors that cause and how it can be prevented. Cherry, A et al, (2001), Teenage Pregnancy: A Global View, Greenwood Publishing Group, New York. According to Cherry and others, teenage pregnancy is the pregnancy that afflicts persons under 20 years especially when the pregnancy terminates. This predicament is always brought by various individual and societal factors that is always manifested in most communities. For example, poverty, parental neglect, lack of education and unemployment have been cited as most reasons why teenagers fall pregnant early (Cherry et al, 2001, p.120). In addition, the authors explain that the pregnancy can occur at various periods in the life stage of the girl child. This is either before or after puberty. On that note, it also happens with menarche, which is the first menstrual period that happens between the ages of 12 and 13. According to the writers, this is the stage of fertility among females and they are prone to getting pregn ant. However, these authors concur that teenage pregnancies differ from nation to nation depending on the economic prospects, development and cultural factors among others (Cherry et al, 2001, p.126). Similarly, there is the use of condoms and contraceptives that are varying from country to country. While other nations allow the use of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy among teenagers, other countries bar them the grounds of religion and culture. Aria, L, (2009), Teenage Pregnancy: The Making and Unmaking of a Problem, The Policy Press, New Jersey. According to Aria in her book, there are different signs and symptoms of noting when a teenager is pregnant. However, before she tackles that, she narrates the risk factors that teenagers/adolescents have to contend with in the community. For example, economic disadvantage especially in developing nations that survive on less than a dollar a day and older male partner. Additionally, poor school performance, young age and single or teen parenthood are other serious factors predisposing teenagers to early pregnancy (Aria 2009, p.89). Therefore, the symptoms of pregnancy among teenagers include abdominal distention, fatigue, missed period and breast enlargement or breast tenderness. Others include nausea/vomiting, frequent urination and light-headedness or actual fainting. On that note, Aria suggests various signs and tests that are fundamental to identify early to help a pregnant teenager. For example, she observes issues such as gaining of weight and medical examination may indicate increased abdominal girth. Alternatively, healthcare provider may also examine the top of the enlarged uterus called the fundus to establish a better way to help the teenager. These examinations may entail that involving the pelvic to show purple or bluish coloration of the vaginal walls (Aria 2009, p.142). Furthermore, urine and/or serum when passed through a pregnancy test usually turn out as positive. Another key test involv es the dates of the pregnancy that confirmed or checked using a pregnancy ultrasound. Farber, N, (2009), Adolescent Pregnancy: Policy and Prevention Services, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Farber her in book explains the practical policies that if implemented have a chance of reducing teenage pregnancy. Similarly, she has tested treatments that pregnant teenagers should undergo in order to safeguard the welfare of the unborn baby.

Walmart Lawsuits influence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walmart Lawsuits influence - Assignment Example Wal-Mart’s human resource policies are well-aligned with the corporate level strategy. Wal-Mart has often been accused of not managing to provide the employees with affordable healthcare while the efforts of the top management were directed at implementing low cost strategy. Lawsuits over the years have influenced Wal-Mart’s recruitment and retention strategies in such a way that it tends to avoid employees associated with collective bargaining associations or unions. This is partly explained by Wal-Mart’s involvement in a messy legal battle with the collective bargaining associations over the rights of the employees, as the Union disapproved of Wal-Mart’s withdrawal from paying 10 per cent bid to over 700 employees (Milner, 2005). In 2005, Wal-Mart’s store in Arkansas declared closing down of a store in Canada only six months after the success of its employees in gaining the right of getting a union membership (Milner, 2005). This suggests that the history of lawsuits experienced by Wal-Mart have moved the retailer against recruiting or retaining employees whose rights are safeguarded by other agencies, associations, and/or unions. Wal-Mart can prevent and/or reduce compensation law violations by complying with all corporate procedures and policies completely that are related to issues surrounding compensation, and hour; by completely adhering to all local, state, and federal regulations and laws related to compensation that apply, and by reporting all violations of policies and laws related to compensation to management. Evolution and expansion of the employment arrangements and the production and supply chains impart the need of development of a policy menu for Wal-Mart that is vast enough to recognize and address the liability issues on actors all across the supply chain that have play a role in compensation violations. Meanwhile, certain significant approaches can be pursued in order to hold the corporations accountable for

Aramco and British Petroluem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Aramco and British Petroluem - Essay Example Saudi Aramco or Aramco is the national petroleum and natural gas company in Saudi Arabia. As per the reports, the company holds the largest crude oil reserves as well as the highest daily oil production capacity in the world. Observing such large scale operations, in 2015, Forbes magazine has facilitated Saudi Aramco as the largest oil and gas company in the world. Considering British Petroleum Plc, it is one of the six largest oil and gas companies in the world. This vertically integrated London based company concentrates on all segments of oil and gas industry ranging from exploration of energies to its production, refining and distribution in the global markets. From the company brief, it is evident that these two holds a very important position among the few companies in global oil and gas industry. Therefore, analyzing the internal operational techniques as well as global strategies related to corporate governance and leadership is definitely considered to be a critical task. Th erefore, for the purpose of analysis, the value chain and strength-weakness, opportunities-threats of these two firms will be evaluated and the corporate and global business strategies of these two companies will also be examined. In the next segment, global operational strategies of Saudi Aramco and British Petroleum will be analyzed in terms of Value Chain and SWOT analysis. The value chain defines a set of activities as identified by eminent strategist Michael Porter, analyzing which the company can recognize those factors that have enabled it to gain competitive advantage in the industry segment. Such factors can be categorized under primary and secondary activities. SWOT analysis helps an organization to identify the internal strength and weakness of the company as well as the opportunities and threats lying in its external environment. Saudi Aramco holds a very strong value chain depending upon which the company enjoys huge

Professional Communication at the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Professional Communication at the Workplace Essay Interpersonal communication is essentially the exchange of communication between one person(s) and another. Like any other form of communication, interpersonal communication involves the sender of the message and the recipient of the message. The message can only be passed correctly if both the sender and the recipient pass it correctly and understand each other. I work for a voluntary group at the University. This group aims at reaching out to the less fortunate both in the institution and the society generally. We do not offer financial help as such but instead focus on the abilities of the people we interact with and give them the necessary counsel and advice they need. In this way, we give them ideas on how they can actually help themselves out financially. This organization involves a lot of interaction, both within ourselves as the members of the organization and also between us and the people we interact with. As such there is a lot of interpersonal communication that goes on. The group consists of a total of ten members, and as they say, we are like our fingers; we come in different sizes and lengths, not literally but in terms of age, personalities, gender, culture, spiritual orientation and physical abilities and disabilities. This whole structure of diversity makes communication, particularly interpersonal communication, an issue worth debate. This is because the way we choose to communicate within ourselves and others is bound to affect our service delivery either positively or n egatively. The following part of the paper will critically analyze each of these factors mentioned above that makes us diverse in our communication, interpersonal communication.CITATION Joh12 p 56 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012, p. 56)Age The voluntary group I work for is extremely diversified when it comes to age, with members from the extreme sides of the age spectrum. The oldest member in the group is aged forty seven, while the youngest is seventeen. Most of the members, about seventy percent, are aged between seventeen and twenty five. The main reason behind this is the fact that the organization requires the participation of both the old and young. For instance, the young and vibrant group, which forms the majority of the group, is required to move up and down and interact with the people we look forward to offering our help to. The older group is mostly involved ion critically analyzing our case studies and give direction on the best way forward. It is therefore not easy to hold a conversation between these two groups that are different in terms of age. For instance, young people will always base their ideas on what social media says. They will go with current trends since that are what they are familiar with a nd immediately make a decision. The older group will look at trends on a more historical point of view and analyze historical events in relation to the topic of discussion before coming up with a remedy. The young members, moreover, communicate with a lot of slang because as much as this organization is based on official business, it is also a social and interactive group as well. This way, the message at times is not passed effectively from one person(s) to another. The consequence of this communication gap is that the goals of the organizations are not at all times met and therefore efficiency is not achieved as well.CITATION Ric01 p 76 l 1033 (Pircadi, 2001, p. 76)Perceived Emotions, Relationships and Personality Our personalities define us. We have different personalities just as we are different in other aspects of our lives. The personality of a person is one thing that psychologists have proved beyond reasonable doubt that is very difficult to change. The personalities of a person will most of the time dictate the way in which they communicate. Some people are introverts and as such they tend to keep to themselves. They listen more than they speak. They think more and learn more from their surrounding and the people around them. Others are outspoken and will speak more. They express themselves through speech. The relationship between or among people also influences communication. CITATION Joh12 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012)This I have witnessed in my voluntary work group. People tend to open up to those they are close with and give less details to the people they are not that close to. One’s family tends to know them better because of the blood relationship that exists as compared to outs iders. Finally, people perceive and express their emotions very differently. Jerry, a member of my voluntary group tends to hide his low moments in smiles. It is therefore not easy to tell what he is going through. I, on the other hand will always show it. I have no way to hide and it is communicated through my emotions. The way we react to how we feel will determine the way we communicate. There are those of us like Jerry who will drown our sorrows in smiles and those like me who will communicate it just as it is. It is therefore very clear that we communicate our emotions very differently and this goes way back to our personalities.CITATION Joh02 p 94 l 1033 (Gray, 2002, p. 94)Spiritual Orientation The world is composed of people with very diverse spiritual backgrounds. Spiritual background forms the foundation of the life of a person. More often than not, the behavior of a person is well explained by their religious beliefs. This is also the case with communication most of the time. Spiritual diversity will create diversity in speech and in communication generally. For instance, Moslems do not shake hands as a sign of greeting. Their greetings are always in form of speech. This is unlike other religions where people are allowed to shake hands casually and even hug. People from strong religious backgrounds and those with high faith are also very cautious with their speech. They tend to taste their words before they spit them out, that is, they are sensitive in their speech so as not to hurt others. The voluntary group that I work with, or rather that I work for has all Christians but one Moslem, Rahima Nassir. She, in one way or another, communicates in a different way from the rest. Most of the time, she refers to the Allah, who is the Supreme Being according to her religion. This happens especially in cases where she tries to sound optimistic and give a hopeless situation hope. The voluntary group involves a lot of interaction and therefore we have to be warm as we interact with others. This is at times not very easy to achieve owing to the fact that some religious beliefs have certain strains. Rahima is not the only one that faces such challenges. Even along the Christian front, there are various denominations which uphold different values. These values make the approach to various situations very differently. CITATION Gai10 p 104 l 1033 (Forey, 2010, p. 104)Gender The gender of a person also affects communication, particularly interpersonal communication. The female species has a different way of passing a message from the male species. One thing I love the most about my voluntary group is that we are balanced when it comes to gender. Out of a group of ten, we have five ladies and five gentlemen. This gives a ratio of one to one. However, this gender difference can at timers be a major setback in terms of communication. The Ladies, for instance would like to be addressed in a more soft way even when it comes to simple aspects such as greetings. Important to note is that communication does not involve only speech, there is verbal and non-verbal communication, all of which should be considered. Throughout the time that I spend with members of my organization, I have observed that men and women have very different modes and methods of communication. Most of the time, male members are very radical in their speech as well as their illustrations. La dies have a different approach. They, more often than not, are very soft both in their speech and illustrations. It is for this reason that they (ladies) are extremely cautious in their speech. I also noted that the men speak fewer words as compared to the ladies. Ladies speak more, except in a few instances.CITATION Mar09 p 85 l 1033 (Gufey, 2009, p. 85)Person with Disability They say disability is not inability. However, this part of the paper will view disability as a hindrance to communication to an extent. People with disabilities, physical disabilities for that matter, face a lot of challenges when it comes to passing a message effectively. This bottleneck is faced by not only the sender of the message but the recipient as well. The voluntary group that I work for or rather the members of the group that I work with experiences such challenges. In the group, there are two people with physical disabilities. Jerry is a deaf while Geoffrey is visually impaired. Of the two, I think Geoffrey has the most difficult time when it comes to communication. For one reason or the other, Geoffrey happened to be the secretary of the organization at some point in time. He therefore took minutes during meetings and did all the secretarial work. This position, I can say he deserved. Geoffrey is very brilliant besides being very diligent in his work. The main challenge that group faced was the translation of the brail recorded minutes. No one in the group understood brail language apart from Geoffrey himself. He was the only one that could read and understand the minutes. Consequently, he had to step down as secretary after a fortnight of good leadership. Jerry on the other hand, cannot communicate easily and effectively. As a matter of facts, he is most of the time misunderstood and the group experiences a lot of instances with miscommunication. Sign language is not that easy to understand. This impacts negatively on the communication in the organization. Both Jerry and the rest of the members have a hard time in communicating. The importance of both Geoffrey and Jerry in the group can never be underestimated but then at times the challenges effective communication a tall order.CITATION Per08 p 119 l 1033 (Mcintosh, 2008, p. 119)Culture Culture is a very important aspect that should be put into consideration when it comes to effective communication. The culture of a member or members of a group determines how the message is conveyed and it also determines how the message is perceived. Culture affects communication to a very great extent simply because the culture of a person will dictate their style of communication. This means that the more diverse the cultures are, the more diverse their styles of communication. Though to a small extent, there is cultural diversity in our voluntary group. In essence we have people from diverse cultural group. For matters of convenience, I will describe the cultural diversity as high culture and low culture, not that any culture is more superior to another, but for explanatory purposes. For instance, Evelyn, the group’s organizing secretary, is from the high culture. This category mainly focuses their communication on arts and by arts I mean it is more of music, drama et cet era. This category will therefore involve people with a very high esteem since for one to be able to express themselves through arts; they have to be extremely bold, just typical of Evelyn. On the contrary, the low culture category involves large audiences. A good illustration of how culture can affect communication is that in some cultures for instance, it is very vital to maintain eye contact during communication while in others; eye contact can be seen as offensive and unacceptable. Barry, the chairman of our voluntary group and Miley, our secretary are most of the time caught up in such a situation due to their religious differences.CITATION Jos14 p 92 l 1033 (Chesobro, 2014, p. 92)Conclusion and Recommendations With over seven billion people in the world, it is expected that people will differ in relation to various aspects of life. Even people from the same family, people with the same cultures, same religious beliefs and people from the same age group will at one point or the other differ. Communication, on the other is also very important. Each and everything we do revolves around communication. No man is an island. This simply means we have to live harmoniously with each other. For this reason, communication is very important. This paper has not focused on intrapersonal communication but interpersonal communication since this is the way we interact with each other in our work places. Without effective interpersonal communication at our work places, it almost difficult to make any social and economic progress. However, I have learnt from my work experiences at my voluntary group that diversities will always be there, they are there to stay. These are some aspects of life that we should a ccept them just in the way they come. We can never be the same. It is therefore very important to understand and embrace each of our diversities, placing our differences aside. From my own case study it is clear that communication is very important. It is equally clear that challenges must arise due to the diversities in various life aspects. Therefore, from my own experience, I would recommend that we respect the fact that we are not and can never be the same but try as well to burn any bridges that might exist as a result of the differences amongst us. We are one and shall always be one, despite our differences. Let us let communication to make us and not break us. References 1033 Avery, C. (2001). The Flexible Workplace. New York: New York University Press. Chesobro, J. (2014). Professional Communication at the Workplace. New York: New York University Press. Eunson, B. (2009). Communication in the Workplace. New York: Edgeworth Publishers. Forey, G. (2010). Globalization, Communication in the Workplace. Oxford University Press. Gray, J. (2002). Mars and Venus in the Workplace. Oxford University Press. Gufey, M. E. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. New York: New York University Press. Johnson, J. (2012). Solving Problems in Technical Communication. Oxford University Press. Mcintosh, P. (2008). Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace. New York : New York University Press. Muema, T. (2007). Effects of Poor Communication in the Workplace. Miley and Sons Publishers. Pircadi, R. (2001). Skills of Workplace Communication. New York: New York University Press. Source document

Supply and Demand Essay Example for Free

Supply and Demand Essay Chapter 3—Supply and Demand Question 1. Draw a demand curve with an equilibrium price and quantity, show what happens on your diagram when each of the following events occurs. Explain whether each of the following events represents a (i) shift of the demand curve or (ii) a movement along the demand curve. (a) A store owner finds that customers are willing to pay more for umbrellas on rainy days (b) When XYZ Telecom, a long-distance telephone service provider, offered reduced prices for its services on weekends, the volume of weekend calling increased sharply. Question 2. The following table represents the demand and supply for orchids (a type of flower). Plot the curves on the diagram below a) Graph both the supply (S0) and the demand (D0) curves. What is the current equilibrium price and quantity? b) Something has happen to the supply of orchids and the new supply curve is given above. Graph the new supply curve. Is there a temporary shortage or surplus before the market adjusts? What is the new equilibrium price and quantity? c) Name all the factors that could shift the supply curve like it has? Question 3. In the following situation, draw the market for wheat After each event described below, what will happen to the equilibrium price and quantity as a result? Draw a diagram and be sure to label everything. (i) Due to good weather, 1997 was a very good year for Prairie wheat growers, who produced a bumper crop of wheat. At the same time, there is an announcement by the Canadian Health Organization saying that corn is bad for your heart.

Effects Of Celebrity Endorsements Cultural Studies Essay

Effects Of Celebrity Endorsements Cultural Studies Essay Well known for having a successful modelling career, Kate Moss has appeared in many endorsed advertising campaigns, such as, Chanel, Louis Vuitton and Versace, to name only a few. Moss endorsement career has had its ups and downs. In 2005, a drug scandal hit the headlines, with pictures of Moss snorting cocaine. This story put many of her endorsements at risk. When the news story was announced she lost major contracts with Roberto Cavalli, Chanel, Burberry HM. However, Rimmel took advantage of the publicity that she was receiving in the media and decided to incorporate the image in their television advertising. The advert showed her partying all night, then applying their new recovery foundation before arriving to work looking fresh and pretty. According to Bussey sales rocketed (Bussey, 2005) after release of the advert. Coty Beauty, who runs the Rimmel brand, decided to keep Moss because she had made a public apology. They will stand by the model after she apologised and promised to overcome her problems (Sky News, 2005) There is no real evidence to show whether keeping Moss made an impact on the sales of Rimmel products. When the author contacted Coty Beauty and JWT, they were not willing to give any information regarding Rimmels sales from the years 2006/2007. Below is a comment made by Peter Knowland, Director of the Rimmel account at JWT. They (Rimmel- Coty Beauty) have no desire to look backwards. They are very excited about the family of Rimmel faces they have today Coco Rocha, Georgia May Jagger, Sophie Ellis Bextor and Kate Moss. They all have a different but important part to play in the promotion of the Rimmel London brand. Glyn Thompson, who works in consumer affairs for Coty Beauty, stated: Unfortunately, we are unable to be of assistance on this occasion as we are a private company and we do not release annual sales report Twelve months after the scandal hit the headlines, Moss had won back many endorsement contracts Roberto Cavalli (again), Stella McCartney, Virgin Mobile (who used the scandal in their campaign), Burberry (again) and Louis Vuitton to name a few (Bussey, 2006) According to Bussey, Autumn/Winter 2006 season was one of Kate Moss most successful- and profitable (Bussey, 2006) This case study defines the quote any publicity is good publicity. Although Moss was receiving bad publicity when the scandal was released, it worked to her advantage as well as Rimmels for sticking by her. David Golding, Planning Director at Rainey Kelly Campbell Roalfe/YR says: You have to think to what extent has her image been tarnished by these stories. The bigger story was how many companies dropped her and then took her back. To me this is proof that she is a great brand icon. (Bussey, 2006) 4.1.3 TIGER WOODS TIGER WOODS SCANDAL COULD COST MEDIA AND SPONSORS $220 MILLION (campaignlive, 2009) Prior to news of the scandal being released in Novemeber 2009, Woods had estimated annual earnings of $100 million in endorsements. Tiger Woods is a good example of how over using a celebrity could jeopardise brands when a scandal breaks. Many advertisers used Woods for his clean-living public image. When the scandal broke about the alleged string of affairs, it was reported that many of Woodss endorsement products would drop him from their advertising. What became evident was that many of his big sponsors did not drop him, instead they suspended any adverts that he appeared in from their campaigns. Procter and Gambles Gillette and Swiss watchmaker Tag Heuer, have maintained their relationships but are not featuring him in current advertising (SkyNews, 2010). Gillette was the first major sponsorship to distance themselves from the golfer over his private life, the company stated this in a press release following the scandal, In the midst of a difficult and unfortunate situation, we respect the action Tiger is taking to restore the trust of his family, friends and fans. We fully support him stepping back from his professional career and taking the time he needs to do what matters most. We wish him and his family the best. As Tiger takes a break from the public eye, we will support his desire for privacy by limiting his role in our marketing programs. (Norton, 2009) However, Accenture and ATT dropped Woods as soon as the scandal broke, stating that he is no longer seen as the ideal, clean-cut promotional vehicle (Timesonline, 2010). However, Woods also announced his Indefinite Leave from golf, shareholders of companies that Mr. Woods endorses lost $5-12 billion in wealth (Knittel Stango, 2010:1). Woods decision to leave golf for a while to focus on his personal life also left his endorsements at jeopardy. Since the story broke, there have been certain companies that have made a big loss. Investors in three sports-related companies Tiger Woods PGA Tour Golf, Gatorade and Nike fared the worst, experiencing a 4.3 percent loss, or about $6 billion. (Talmazan, 2009). This evidence shows that many of his sporting endorsements have suffered the worst. Whether this is because his images in the advertisements are of him as a sportsman- which is what he is famous for, whereas other advertisements are using him because of his nice guy image. Unlike the previous case study, this story is recent, so its difficult to analyse whether these effects will be long term or similarly to the Kate Moss story, the effect on his endorsements may only be short term. A recent poll was created by Sport Business to see what the public believe will happen to Woodss endorsements. The results show that 56% of respondents believe the effects of the scandal will only be short term, 27% believe that there will be no effects at all, whilst 17% believe that the effects will be long term. If these results are correct, then the effects of the scandal will only be short term and, like Moss, Woods may recover some of his lost endorsements. 4.1.4 JAMIE OLIVER- Sainsburys Jamie Oliver is best known as the naked chef, this was the name of a programme that Jamie appeared in, where he went out shopping for ingredients to cook a dinner for friends, the programmes approach was through an informality, friendliness and an easy- going, relaxed format (Byrne, 2003:1). He was announced as the new face of Sainsburys in 2000; it was the first time a celebrity chef has fronted a major supermarket advertising campaign. (PRNewswire, 2000) The credibility of the star was one of the reasons that Oliver was a perfect celebrity for the brand, Abbot Mead Vickers the advertising agency in charge of the campaign, felt that: We wanted to create a brand strategy and develop vision for the brand. Essentially we wanted to re-emphasise the brands focus on quality and position the brand as a leader in the field in terms of quality. Therefore using Jamie Oliver who is renowned for quality would help us reposition on quality and that is what the adverts are conveying to the customer. In essence what we are doing is borrowing his values and transposing them to the brand (Byrne, 2003:6/7) The decision to do this links with the theory that McCracken suggests, the endorsement has to be right, the celebrity has to link with the product, and in order for it to be a success the product needs to attract the consumer. What this evidence does show is that Oliver has a good image through which to portray the brand and what they have to offer, because of his image within the public eye, his success as a chef and the quality of food that he uses. This will allow the public to believe that the products he uses are good, which will be reflected in their purchasing decisions. One concern that the agency had, was they felt that Jamie would not appeal to the 45 plus age group (Byrne, 2003:7) However, due to his informal style, his boy next door and every day image, it has allowed many consumers to relate to him. Since introducing Oliver as the face of Sainsburys, the advertising and sales has gone from strength to strength, According to new research, the  £41m spent by Sainsburys on campaigns using Jamie Oliver generated an extra  £1.12bn of turnover overall turnover was  £17bn. Oliver was single-handedly responsible for  £200m of Sainsburys  £535m profits in the past two years. (Evening Standard, 2002) Kate Nicholson, Head of Sainsburys advertising, made this comment Jamie has far exceeded our expectations. It does sound like an awful lot of money but we know he really has generated these extra sales because we have researched it very carefully Jamie has been a crucial part of our turnaround, I dont think anyone else could have done it (Evening Standard, 2002) Jamie Oliver is a good example of how a celebrity endorsement can work, providing you have the correct celebrity and brand match. 4.1.5 GARY LINEKER- Walkers Before the launch of Lineker as the face of advertising for Walkers, it appeared that the product wasnt at the top of the sales ladder in its market field. The endorsement of the star has been one of the most successful moves Walkers could have made. This type of celebrity endorsed advertising has sought to preserve the emotional bond between product and consumer, as a consumer we believe that the product must be good if celebrities are advertising for them. Figure 4 shows the transformation of Walkers sales since introducing Lineker to the brand. 1996 saw a significant rise in sales after Lineker appeared in the adverts. What is evident is the continuous rise in sales since Lineker joined. At the end of 2004 it was apparent that Walkers had over half of the market share of crisp sales. A spokesman for Walkers mentioned that after two years with Lineker as the face of Walkers Crisps it has helped to sell enough crisps to cover the whole of Holland (Greedystar, 2003) Figure 5 shows the sales that Walkers had in 2002/03. They had a great success, earning more than  £30m worth of sales, Persil were second. What is also obvious is that there are no other crisp brands on the table, clearly outlining the fact that Walkers holds most of the market share for crisp brands in the UK. Since the introduction of Lineker, who has appeared in over 100 adverts, many other celebrities have joined him in advertisements as well, such as The Spice Girls, Charlotte Church, Paul Gascoigne and Girls Aloud. Walkers created a famous campaign that saw Linekers favourite flavour rebranded to Salt n Lineker. This was an advertising ploy that would help the sales increase for a certain flavour. This was a good way to create brand awareness as well as to incorporate the character of the celebrity in the products advertisement. Since the introduction of the campaign, sales had risen from 14.5% to 17.8%. Average sales in grocery stores over the first 12 months of the campaign were 23% up on the previous year (Marketing, 2005) Whats interesting to see with this campaign is that, unlike Jamie Oliver, who has a link with Sainsburys, Lineker has no real link with Walkers Crisps, What they successfully did was to incorporate Lineker within the product, so their advertising had the tag line of No More Mr Nice Guy. Whats also interesting, as Martin mentions, is that young people are a target for snacks.. Which makes football a sensible choice- Regardless of Mr. Linekers nice guy image (Martin,1996:43) 4.1.6 SUMMARY McCracken (1989) believes that providing meanings is a good way to portray a good image with the use of celebrities in advertising campaigns. In relation to this theory it would appear that most of the case studies above have shown evidence of this, Jamie Oliver is an obvious candidate for Sainsburys as he is a chef, therefore the meanings that were portrayed in the advertising proved to be successful and relate to what McCracken believes. The evidence above shows that a celebritys popularity within the media affects the sales of a product, whether in a good or a bad way, Rimmels decision to continue using Moss was a good example of how media attention can be an advantage. The attractiveness and similarity that they portray within the advert by using Moss was apparent to the audience. As Kamins suggests (outlined in the literature review), a celebrity fronting a campaign can lead to the consumer being attracted to the product. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS 4.2.1 INTRODUCTION The following charts will outline the results of the questionnaires that were conducted to find the consumers opinions of celebrity endorsement advertising. Overall 70 respondents completed the questionnaires, half Female and half Male. In order to gain a fair set of results it was important for the respondents to be a variety of different ages. The results were inputted onto a database giving opportunities for different reports to be created. These results will form an argument that will seek to discern whether the consumers response to celebrity endorsement advertising is the same as that of the practitioners. The results from the questionnaire are a sample as this is a small research project, whilst it is indicative; it is not big enough to show a definite answer. 4.2.2 THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING It is important to find out whether consumers are influenced by advertising, this will show evidence of how much of the population are influenced by advertisements, which will then allow us to see what population that are influenced by advertising are also influenced by celebrity endorsed advertising. Figures 6 shows evidence that a majority of respondents purchasing decisions are influenced by advertising. However, Figure 7 shows that not as many people are influenced by celebrity endorsed advertising. This chart is interesting as it shows a slight contradiction; not many respondents have brought a product because a celebrity is in the advertisement. However, a majority of them believe that using celebrities in advertising is successful. It would appear that many of the respondents believe that a celebrity brings awareness to a product, but the consumer doesnt necessarily buy a product because a celebrity uses it. One respondent wrote this statement about how they are not influenced by celebrity endorsed advertising. I think that most adverts have celebrities in them but I wouldnt buy a product just because I like the celebrity, probably more to do with the product However, this respondent, when answering yes to the question, do you think that using celebrities in advertising is successful, stated this; Because you feel a sense of admiration for some of them, and if they are using certain beauty products that make them look so good, then people will want to use them too. In relation to Erdogans theory in the literature review, a disadvantage of using celebrity endorsements is if they over-shadow the brand, however and advantage of using celebritys is increased recognition of the product. These are results from the questions that were asked to the respondents to find out whether they knew what the celebritys names were. It was interesting to see that only one respondent incorrectly answered Tiger Woods name. Kate Moss was the next recognisable celebrity with only 6 people who answered incorrectly. John Terry and Kerry Katona each had 8 people incorrectly answer their names. However, it was interesting to see that 4 people didnt know John Terrys name, but recognised him as a football player. 4.2.3 WHAT RESPONDENTS REMEMBER MOST ABOUT ENDORSED ADVERTISING The next set of charts will show whether the respondents know certain celebritys and what they remember about them. This is important to discover whether they remember positive or negative attributes about the celebritys in order to gain a varied set of results; there were no multiple choice options available. These charts will analyse what consumers think of the adverts that are celebrity endorsed, giving a chance to see whether they remember more about the celebrity or the product that was being advertised. 4.2.3.1 KATE MOSS Overall, most respondents remember Kate Moss for her profession (Modelling). However, it is interesting to see that 21 respondents also mentioned that they remember her for taking drugs. Rimmel, a product that she endorses, was the third most popular thing remembered about her. When asked if the respondents knew of any adverts that Kate Moss had starred in, 51 of them said Rimmel Figure 11 shows what they remember most about the advertising campaigns. Please note, these results are not just for Rimmel. A majority of the respondents remember the tagline of the product, Get the London Look. Whats more interesting to see is that the respondents remember Kate for being in an advert, but cannot remember the name of the product being advertised. 4.2.3.2 JOHN TERRY Figure 12 shows what the respondents thought John Terry was most famous for. It would appear that due to his recent media attention after an alleged affair, many of the respondents recognised him for sleeping around. There were 3 respondents who didnt recognise him at all. A majority of respondents did not know of any adverts that John Terry had starred in. Samsung was the most popular brand that was listed. The next page outlines what they remembered most from the adverts he appeared in. Not all respondents wrote an answer for this question as they could not remember the advert. Figure 13 clearly outlines that many respondents remember the advert because it was football related, whats interesting to see is that they also remember it more because other celebritys also appeared in it. 4.2.3.3 KERRY KATONA These results show that most of the respondents remember Kerry Katona for her singing career; the second most popular thing that people remember about her is her reported drug taking. Unlike previous celebritys, respondents had more to say about Katona, whether this is due to negative media attention in the past or the fact that she is famous for more than one thing. Figure 15 shows that the main reason people remember the advert is because of how annoying it was. Whether this was because they thought Katona was annoying, or that the advert itself was. Whats also interesting is that many respondents also remember her starring alongside other celebritys in the advert. 4.2.3.4 TIGER WOODS All respondents knew what Tiger Woods is famous for. What was interesting is that, similar to John Terry, over half of the respondents had put down that he is also famous for sleeping around. Figure 17 shows what respondents remember most about the adverts that Woods starred in. The most remembered attribute was the tagline of the product that he endorses The best a man can get. This suggests that unlike Terry, they remember more about the product then the celebrity promoting it. 4.2.4 PURCHASING DECISIONS In terms of whether consumers are influenced by celebrity endorsement advertising, relationships between celebrity and product is important, A respondent wrote this statement when the question: What relationship do you think using a celebritys name to sell a product has on sales? Was asked. I think it probably has a positive effect on sales as consumers build relationships with celebrities, see them as role models and idolise them. If a celebrity such as Cheryl Cole promotes a product which she uses herself, as she is known for being a style icon to many, then this will encourage consumers to buy it in the hope of looking like her. (Age bracket14-25) However, a respondent who is in a different age category has a similar opinion; Possibly the younger generation may be more inclined to buy products endorsed by a celebrity because they tend to look up to models or sports stars etc. I dont really take much notice of who is wearing/using what. (Age bracket 36-50) 4.2.5 SUMMARY The questionnaire results are interesting, as many consumers are aware that companies are using celebritys for advertising, many of the respondents have never purchased a product because of a celebrity being in the advertising, yet they still believe that celebritys are successful within advertising. What they did notice was that many companies are using celebrities as brand recognition, a way of appealing to the public. This research has shown that many consumers remember negative attributes about celebritys, rather than remembering what positive things they have achieved, which indicates that consumers are more inclined to be effected by negative characteristics of a celebrity as opposed to the positive things. This research has also proven that younger consumers are influenced more by celebrity culture; they are more inclined to know what outfit Cheryl Cole has been seen in and how to do their hair like hers. This is why more companies are using these types of celebritys within th eir advertising campaigns, to attract the niche market of consumers who are susceptible to that type of advertising. EXPERT OPINION This section of the data analysis will look at the experts opinions. Three interviews were conducted, as well as a recording of a debate on celebrity culture that the author attended. The respondents were interviewed about two different strategies of using celebrities as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using celebrities. These results will build up an argument to see whether the practitioners have similar views of celebrity endorsements as that of the consumers. 4.3.1 INTRODUCTION Using a celebrity in an advertising campaign can be quite a risquà © decision. It would appear that many advertisers get it wrong in the selection process. Ogilvy has written that Celebrities get high recall scores, but I have stopped using them because readers remember the celebrity and forget the product they assume that the celebrity has been bought, which is usually the case (Ogilvy, 1983: pg, 83). 4.3.2 WHY ARE CELEBRITYS USED IN ADVERTISING? Many consumers are aware that the celebrity does not really use the product they advertise, instead they have been bought as the face of the campaign. If this is true, why do advertisers continue to use celebrities in their campaigns? Alan Jarvie, Director of London Advertising, believes that using a celebrity: Gives you some recognition, it gives you some memorability, as long as the personality doesnt overshadow the product. Sometimes you get campaigns where the only thing that you remember is the celebrity, and you cant remember what the product is, we always make sure that the celebrity plays second fiddle to the product that were advertising. (Alan Jarvie, London Advetising- Appendix 5) Jarvie believes that provided that the celebrity does not overshadow the product, then a campaign can be successful since the personality can be an attraction for the product. From previous research, if a celebrity is receiving bad publicity in the media, then the product and brand does suffer. However, Jarvie believes that many products can use the celebrity to their advantage. For example, many marketers have ended their contracts with footballer John Terry due to his recent negative media attention. However, Jarvie believes that some marketers could use this as an advantage in their marketing ploy; I think it all depends on what the product is, I think if your product is all about being, you know good and clean and righteous then obviously that would be a problem, but if youre product is just about being a normal bloke or somebody that makes mistakes, or somebody whos every man, then I dont think that it should hurt them at all. (Alan Jarvie, Giraffe Advertising- Appendix 6) Jim Shannon, Creative Director for Giraffe Advertising, believes that a brand would suffer if a celebrity were to receive negative media attention, If the individual behaves in a way that detracts from the brand (even outside promotional activities), the brand suffers  (Jim Shannon- Appendix 6) However, Jim Shannon does go on to say that marketers could use the media publicity as an advantage Only in a knowing way (i.e., in the promotion of products that might tacitly endorse his/her behaviour). Noreen Jenney, Director of Celebrity Endorsements, believes that marketers should be careful about who they select for their advertising campaigns. Advertisers need to be very careful to do their due diligence when hiring a celebrity.   When a star gets bad publicity, it reflects on the advertisers product and company.  (Noreen Jenney, Appendix 7) Trevor Beattie had an interesting point when he mentioned in a celebrity debate that Gillettes advertising has not influenced his purchasing decisions; I think Gillette has produced probably the worst advertising a man can get and the worst advertising on television, and I use Gillette products at least twice a day. Im not put off by their totally shit advertising and I find that a bit strange. As much as I want to be put off by their advertising, Im not, so I blank it out. Their distribution is brilliant and their product is extremely good. Their advertising sucks. So there is a strange triangle going on, and for all their money and all the worthiness, they then go and hire the three people who they feel are the worthiest celebrities in the world, people who are stars actually, who are very good at their chosen sport. (Trevor Beattie, Appendix 8) Beattie also mentioned how using endorsements can be successful; I think you can get it wrong, if you get it right, like they did with Gary Lineker and, for all his failings, he is a brilliant spokesperson for the brand and he took Walkers from nothing to a major brand and hes earned his money, I think, and hes done a brilliant job. Jamie Oliver, dont like the bloke, think hes a git, but, hes done a brilliant job for Sainsburys, really has, so therefore theyve got it right, it is a gamble. (Trevor Beattie Appendix 8) 4.3.3 HOW DO EXPERTS SELECT CELEBRITYS USING THEORIES? Is it a gamble, or do advertisers believe there is strategy to creating a perfect match between celebrity and product? Bergstrom Skafstad (2004) in their case study of Celebrity Endorsement asked the experts what type of theories they would employ when selecting a celebrity in advertising. I have employed this same technique within this case study to see whether the results from different experts are they same, or whether they have their own opnions on what they believe is a good way of selecting celebrities for endorsement advertising. What will be taken into consideration is the difference between different celebrities for different campaigns. The research approach will be analysed against Shimps TEARS model from the literature review, the Experts were asked what order they believe is the right way of choosing a celebrity for an advert. All practitioners stated that they could not give an accurate decision as it depends on which product they are advertising. The charts below outline what they believe is correct for a general advertising campaign. Its interesting to see that Trustworthiness ranked the highest in making a decision when selecting a celebrity in adverts. Both Shannon and Jenney believed that Expertise was the second aspect that is important when selecting a personality. Jarvie, however, ranked that last in his selection. What is interesting to see is that although McCracken believes in his theory that there needs to be a meaning behind the endorsement, some sort of connection between celebrity and brand, this evidence has show that most of the experts believe that Similarity is not as important in the selection process as the Trustworthiness of the celebrity. 4.3.4 SUMMARY The result from the expert research shows that using a celebrity in advertising is successful providing it works and the celebrity doesnt over shadow the product. Trustworthiness plays an important part in the selection of the celebrity which was interesting, Similarity between the brand and product was not a necessity when approaching a celebrity for the advertising. It is interesting to see that marketers do not really have a specific way of choosing celebrity endorsements; they do not run by any theory, its more about whether the celebrity is right for the brand and vice versa.

Comparing A Midsummers Nights Dream, King Richard II, and King Lear :: comparison compare contrast essays

Relation between Nature and Man in A Midsummer's Night's Dream, King Richard II, and King Lear  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A Midsummer's Night's Dream, King Richard II, and King Lear all represent different philosophies people hold regarding the phenomenon of their lives. The relationships between humans and outside forces differ between the plays too. A Midsummer's Night's Dream emphasizes natures part in human life. It is seen as the driving force for everything good and bad. Divine decree is the emphasis in King Richard II. The characters all seem to have a general acceptance of outcomes as what the gods wanted. Lastly, King Lear has man viewing nature as destructive and angry. He wants to control nature's fury and decide for himself what should be acceptable and legitimate. While none of these philosophies can be labeled as "wrong" or "right", each does have valid support within the given play.    The first play, A Midsummer's Night's Dream has a lot of nature metaphor is in families. The very first conversation in it has a king blaming the moon and night time for his not being able to marry. Theseus wanted to marry Hippolita right away but four moonshines were delaying him. Another example comes from Lysander. He saw roses in Hermia's cheeks and rain falling from her unhappy eyes. When Lysander wakes up and sees Helena, He decides he wants her instead of Hermia. He says, " things growing are not ripe until their season . . . [which] leads me to your eyes" (MND II, 2,100-110). He compares himself to unripe fruit or something that has not reached its final or mature stage in growth. Lysander said that he only fancied Hermia because he was young and naà ¯ve but now that he was "ripe", he wanted Helena. This is a parallel made by Lysander to nature. Not only did he believe that nature controlled all actions but he truly believed everything followed the same life pattern. Later, Lysander is confronted by Hermia and he compares her to terrible things like animals and serpents because he no longer saw her as his love but as someone he outgrew. This reference shows a part of life that is not wonderful and pretty but loathsome and dirty.    Nature is obviously a very big part in the play too because of the continual reference and almost constant presence of the fairy King Oberon and his Queen Titania.

The social and political context of the 1950?s is crucial to any unders

The social and political context of the 1950’s is crucial to any understanding of the birth of rock n roll. â€Å"Rock was formed out of the social, economic and political context of post-war America†. The social context was on the bases of the post war baby boom, which counted for the birth of 77 million babies between the years 1946-1964. By the year 1964 forty percent of America’s population was under twenty years of age. For the first time both middle and working class youths were acquiring an affluent lifestyle. Disposable income came from part-time work and pocket money, which gave youths some form of spending power, which gave them a sense of independence. This mind you were what Wicke’s point out was due to America’s economic growth and capitalism, which was reinstated in the country. The American governments distrust in politicians as well as other members in different institutions led to the investigation of numerous people and the need for government employees to sign loyalty oaths. America became obsessed with the need to conform in social behaviour, so much so that youths were placed under immense pressure to understand the important value of the American way of life, which was to do well at school. This message was deployed through the bombardment of propaganda campaigns. It was this notion of importance on school that sociologist Coleman describes as being the reason for the segregation of youths from the rest of society by forming a new culture ‘teenagers’ a gr...

Conservative Judaism: Inception, History and Way Of Life :: United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The term â€Å"Conservative† had been attached to the moderates by the Reformers because the moderates had branded them as radicals. This name hardly describes the movement aptly. Conservative Judaism, is the American version of the principles of positive historical Judaism. The conservatives accept the findings of modern scholarship that Judaism is the product of a long period of growth and evolution. However, this process did not result in broken or inconsistent lines of development; quite the contrary, the major currents of Judaism run consistently through the extensive literature of the Jewish people, created in successive ages.† (Rudavsky 338) Conservative Judaism is one of the largest of the various sects of Judaism. Conservative Jews make up about 40-45% of those Jews who affiliate. Conservative Judaism accepts the idea that Jewish law is binding upon Jews. Conservative Jews have an obligation to obey all the teachings and commandments of Judaism., For example, Conservative Jews emphasize the laws of keeping the Sabbath and keeping kosher. Conservative Jews believe that Jewish law is capable of evolution as humans learn more about interpreting the Torah. Therefore, Conservative Jews have changed some of the earlier interpretations. Men and women worship together in Conservative synagogues, people may ride in a car on the Sabbath to attend services, and women can be ordained as rabbis. â€Å"Issac Leeser is generally regarded as the principal forerunner of Conservative Judaism in the United States. A native of Westphalia, Lesser acquired his religious and secular education before coming to American in 1824. He settled in Richmond, Virginia, where he was employed for several years in his uncle’s business. At the same time, he assisted the hazzan in the religious school of the local Sephardic congregation. During this period, he gained prominence by publishing numerous articles in defense of Jews and Judaism in American and foreign journals.†(Dimont 231) Some Jews who affiliate with the Conservative sect claim that their main reason for belonging is the fact that they don’t want to be Orthodox nor Reformed. â€Å"While some individuals describe themselves as Conservative because of their alienation from Orthodox practices, others define themselves from the opposite direction – they point out that they are not reform.† (Sklare 206) For the most part, Conservative Jews feel that if one were to be reformed they would not really be Jewish. The Reformed sect, unlike the conservative do not obey most of the Jewish laws and traditions.

Dabur Brand Revie

The brand name Dabur is derived from the words ‘Da' for ‘Daktar’ or ‘Doctor’ and ‘bur' from Burman. From those humble beginnings, the company has grown into India's leading manufacturer of consumer healthcare, personal care and food products. Over its 125 years of existence, the Dabur brand has stood for goodness through a natural lifestyle. An umbrella name for a variety of products, ranging from hair care to honey, Dabur has consistently ranked among India’s top brands. Its brands are built on the foundation of trust that a Dabur offering will never cause anyone slightest of harm.The trust levels that this brand enjoys are phenomenally high. Dabur had a turnover of approximately US$ 750 Million (Rs. 3390. 9 Crore FY 09-10) ;amp; Market Capitalisation of over US$ 3. 5 Billion (Rs 15500 Crore), Ner income of : (INR) 425 Crore (2008-09)with brands like Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Hajmola and Real. The company has kept an eye on new generations of customers with a range of products that cater to a modern lifestyle, while managing not to alienate earlier generations of loyal customers. The company's growth rate rose from 10% to 40% Dabur Foods, a subsidiary of Dabur India is expecting to grow at 25%.Its brands of juices, namely, Real and Active, together make it the market leader in the Fruit Juice Category Value: Mass market value For money The brand trunaround† why? Overall slow down in FMCG Stiff competition To target young india – largest consumer Modernize old brand equity-â€Å" intangible asset† Dabur also has reinvented the mother logo Enter new category; innovate offerings Repositioning as FMCG company Moved away from Umbrella branding strategy Retaining Dabur as corporate brand identity Dabur’s New Brand Architecture 5 Power Brands Umbrella brand for juice and other foods; aimed at p market consumer Product to be launched is Lemon Juice: Branded fruit beverage market in I ndia is estimated to be worth Rs. 1,200 crore (nectars, drinks and juices combined)The fruit drink market Juice accounts 30%,Nectar:10%, Fruit drinks:60% COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS Pepsi co: Nimbooz has grown 29% Coca Cola : Minute Maid Nimbu Fresh- pulp based drink Parle : LMN this has grown 30% Market size of Lemon Juice in India in Organized sector: The unpackaged nimbu paani market in India is very large; to put it in perspective, it is twice the size of the total carbonated soft drinks industry. India’s Parle Agro, the name behind the LMN brand which launched a year ago, has outperformed the market growing 30 per cent. Of the 600m-case juice market, lemon juice drinks have a 44 per cent share. According to an industry report 120bn litres of beverages are consumed annually in India with 55 per cent of sales of Indian soft drinks during the summer months of March to May, and companies are keen to maximise growth in this season.If next year’s summer is as hot as this one, a nimbu paani drink or three will definitely be in order Target market: 1) Primary and secondary market SEC A and SEC B * Recreational * Fitness * Health Lifestyle * Sports Primary Market: * Teens – More experimental * Youth – Experimental and more buying power Working People who travels a lot * Secondary Market Secondary market: Travel Industry – Airlines, Railways and Local Transport Systems ,Recreational – Movie Theatres, Malls, Amusement Parks, school, collages, hotels, restaurants Market Segmentation: * Metropolitan Cities, major cities of the states, and towns. * Density of Area: Urban, Semi-urban, Rural. Climate: Tropical * Age – 8 and above * Users perceive Lemon juice as a healthy drink. * Users drink fruit juice as a refreshing alternative to carbonated drinks.Users willingly spend on products related to health and lifestyle. Users enjoy Lemon juice not only as a means of healthy life, but as an intrinsically enjoyable Marketing strategy of Dabur: Dabur should reinforce the authentic â€Å"homemade† taste through aggressive marketing campaigns and have tried to appeal to the increasingly health-conscious Indian consumer by making them without artificial ingredients. Product Type: lomon Juice Features: Lemon Juice is a 100 percent Lemon juice which will be produced and marketed by the Dabur ltd. Brand Name: Lemon Juice Product Life Cycle: Our product lie in introduction period Low sales * High costs per customer * Negative profits * Innovator customers * Few competitors Objective: to create awareness and trial * Offer a basic product * Price at cost-plus * Selective distribution * Awareness – dealers and early adopters * Induce trial via heavy sales promotion * Place Distribution Channel Product location availability Modes of transportation * Pricing Provide Lucrative discounts, deals and schemes Adopt sales oriented objective Have one price policy [email  protected] 8 Rs/ 200Ml * Promotion Promotiona l Tactics Provide free samples in the market for the brand awareness Advertising:To our target audience by using the message showing a glass full of Lemon juice â€Å"Drink this much every day â€Å" Tie up promotional strategy with: PVR, In film advertising Hero Honda: Hero Honda Motors Limited, based in Delhi, India is a joint venture between the Hero Group of India and Honda of Japan[2][3] It has been referred to as the world's biggest manufacturer of 2-wheeled motorized vehicles since 2001, when it produced 1. 3 million motorbikes in a single year. During the fiscal year 2008-09, the company has sold 3. 28 million bikes and the net profit of the company stood at Rs. 1281. 7 crore, up 32% from the previous fiscal year. verification needed][3] Hero Honda has been the largest two wheeler company in the world for nine consecutive years. The company had a market share of 41. 35% in the year 2008-2009 and over a 25 year span it has crossed the 15 million unit milestone. Hero Honda s ells more two wheelers than the second, third and fourth placed two-wheeler companies put together. [4] The company's most popular model is the Hero Honda Splendor, which is the world's largest-selling motorcycle, selling more than one million units per year Hero† is the brand name used by the Munjal brothers for their flagship company Hero Cycles Ltd.A joint venture between the Hero Group and Honda Motor Company was established in 1984 as the Hero Honda company,India. During the 1980s, the company introduced motorcycles that were popular in India for their fuel economy and low cost. A popular advertising campaign based on the slogan ‘Fill it – Shut it – Forget it' that emphasised the motorcycle's fuel efficiency helped the company grow at a double-digit pace since inception. Hero Honda has three manufacturing facilities based at Dharuhera and Gurgaon in Haryana and at Haridwar in Uttarakhand.These plants together are capable of churning out 3. 9 million bi kes per year. [citation needed] Hero Honda's has a large sales and service network with over 3,000 dealerships and service points across India. Hero Honda's customer loyalty program,[clarification needed] the Hero Honda Passport Program, claims to be one of the largest programs of its kind in the world with over 3 million members Launch of New Prodcut: Honda Cart: A three Wheeler Cart will be a . 75 ton truck in the commercial vehicle segment which is dominated by large trucks. It can be called India's next generation mini truck .The sub one ton loads were transported by the three wheeler goods carriers. Although the quality and performance of these three wheelers are less than desirable there was still huge demand for these vehicles. It is this market where TATA Ace is the only leading competitor . It is the transportation at the † last mile† market that Ace has captured. Honda Cart will have all the qualities of a winner. It will be cute, the engine would be good inter ms of mileage and performance, the comfort factor can very much there and more over it is a Truck and not an Auto.Priced competitively at 2. 00 lakh to 2. 20 lakh, which is below Ace is a value proposition that no one can refuse. The brand will launched at a point where there was a need for transportation of good speedily and conveniently and in a cost effective manner. Need for the Honda Cart: Honda Cart will be cost-effective means for local transport of small cargo in the long run. Previously, customers had to incur additional charges by renting vehicles with a much larger payload for small cargo movements. Due to pradhan mantri gramin sadak yojana , Road onnectivity is expected to greatly improve in rural areas ?It is envisaged that higher tonnages vehicles will be not allowed in cities ?In both the cases, all last mile distributing will be covered by large vehicles ?The exciting production in this category is cumbersome , coupled with safety, pollution ;amp; comfort etc.. issue s Market Research : To understand the potential customer better. It found that there were two types of customers for Honda Cart : cost sensitive customers, and others who valued return on investment (ROI).The company targeted ROI customers who were willing to pay a higher price but wanted low operating costs. Comparative analysis :The Honda Cart would provide excellent economy with oil change required only for every 10,000 km when compared to three wheelers which required it for every 2,500 km. Evne TATA ACE required at every 9,000KM. The vehicle traveled at a top speed of 70 km per hour and had a mileage of 20 km per liter with a high payload capacity in compare to TATA ACE which has speed of 65 km per hour and 18km per liter as mileage. This enabled the owners to make more trips in less time.Bajaj Auto, Force Motors, Eicher, Piaggio and Ashok Leyland are very much on their way to entering the one-ton four-wheeler space. † The official further added, â€Å"Players like Eiche r and Swaraj Mazda, which are already present in the 1. 5-ton truck space, will now shift their focus to one ton. † Product: Honda Cart. PLC- Entry stage. Brand Name: Honda Cart Price: 2. 00Lakh-2. 20Lakhs Place : Tier II and III cities. Rural and semi urban. Promotion: The company could offer a range of additional accessories such as vehicle protection system, music systems and even Ganesha idols.Apart from the hygiene quality Honda will also look at the aspects of delight and value enhancers * Giving one Honda cart in free in large villages and in big town give one Honda cart per free per 5 km sq feet area to goods carrier * Reduce pollutants as compared to 3 wheeler from 21 % to 40% Market scenario: TATA ACE has captured 65% of the small commercial vechile segment Target Segment: The target segment are those who want to upgrade from these three wheelers and one who carry/ upload tons of goods

Environmental Science Chapter 18 Review Essay

Chapters 18-1 & 18-2 canvassSection 1 go off 1. appoint six forms of renewable nothing, and comp be the advantages and disadvantages of each. Pros 1) peaceful solar hotness naught whitethorn condition a great advantage for a homeowner if there is reliable sunshine that is able to shine into the home and give rise warmth. Also, it will reduce verve burdens in their liquid even when the sun is non shining.3) Wind power is cheap, clean capability that is the average h entirelyhold. 2) alive(p) solar modify system systems have the advantage of storing heat in essentially free once the al-Qaida is paid for. 4) Biomass raise is in wide supply and can convert idle into slide fastener.5) hydroelectric pushing may be dear(predicate) to build, but are garish to operate. Unlike fogy give notice installs, hydroelectric dams do not release business pollutants into the atmosphere that cause acid precipitation. They withal last longer than most different plants. 6) g eothermic zero is almost tout ensemble emission free and can be built under kingdom.Cons 1) Passive solar heating may only be seen as an effective use of power if the modality is able to provide enough sunlight. 2) Active solar heating plans are expensive and in most areas, an active solar system will be inefficient to capture enough sunlight to convert the heating and electrical systems in a house. 3) Wind power can be a failed zip source, for wind is inconsistent, jerking and unpredictable. 4) Biomass fuel is costly to father and inevitably a substructure of fossil fuel for production and use. It can result in habitat loss, deforestation, and harmful air pollution. 5) Hydroelectric pushing is directly related to how untold water system supply is available, thus potentially do a drought. They also relate to interventions in nature due to damming of water, changed water flow rate and the construction of roads and power lines. 6) Geothermal power is also expensive to g ain and must be managed carefully so that it is not depleted. 2. get a line the differences surrounded by passive solar heating, active solar heating, and photovoltaic energy. Passive solar energy uses the suns energy to heat something directly piece active solar heating and photovoltaic energy uses energy from the sun that is gathered by collectors.3. Describe how hydroelectric energy, geothermal energy, and geothermal energy pumps work. Hydroelectric energy is produced by heating up water to produce steam, which accordingly spins the turbines and generates electricity. Geothermal energyis created when steam rises with a well and drives turbines, which generate electricity. The leftover liquid water is then manage back into the hot rock. Geothermal energy pumps are used so when the grime is warmer, the heat is transferred from the ground to warm the house and when the ground is cool, heat is transferred from the house to the ground to cool the house. 4. Explain whether all renewable energy sources have their origin in energy from the sun. Only a miniature fraction of the suns energy reaches the Earth. However, this energy is enough to power the wind, plant growth, and the water cycle. So nearly all renewable energy comes directly or indirectly from the sun.Section 2 Review 1. Describe three utility(a) energy technologies, and identify two ways that enthalpy could be used as fuel source in the future. Three examples of alternative energy technologies are tidal power, nautical thermal energy conversion, and solar chimneys. tidal power is when the tide rises, water flows stern a dam and when the tide falls, the water is trapped behind the damn. When water in the reservoir is released, it turns a turbine that generates electricity. OTEC is when warm draw close water is brought to a boil in a vacuum chamber. The boiling water produces steam to drive a turbine that generates electricity. solar chimneys use the greenhouse effect to produce moving air th at escapes through a central chimney where wind turbines bring on electricity. Hydrogen can be burn as fuel, for it does not contain carbon, so it does not release pollutants associated with burning fossil fuels and biomass. Hydrogen isotopes can also be used in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction. 2. List as legion(predicate) ways as you can for individuals and communities to carry on energy. Replacing light bulbs with new energy efficient models Adjusting the temperature of your home while forward or sleeping Wash attire with cold water Install low-flow showerheads and faucets play out lights in vacant cortege3. Describe the difference between energy conservation and energy qualification. Energy efficiency is the percentage of energy put into a system that does useful work while energy conservation means redeeming(a) energy.4. What factors influence a persons choice to conserve energy? Factors that may influence a persons choice to conserve energy are to help lower t heir energy bill and help the environment.